Management of suspected sepsis and septic shock in adults:


Sepsis is a clinical and life-threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection. The sepsis severity is continuum ranging from sepsis to septic shock. 

Signs and symptoms:
The signs and symptoms include low body temperature, fever, increased heart rate, confusion, metabolic acidosis. The early sepsis signs are a rapid heart rate, high blood sugar and decreased urination. In case of sepsis, the drop in blood pressure may leads to shock. Some symptoms are also related to specific infection. Severe sepsis causing poor organ function or insufficient blood flow.

Cause:
Sepsis is caused by an immune response which is triggered by an infection. Most commonly, the infection is known by bacterial, but it may also be from fungi, viruses, or parasites. Common locations for the primary infection include lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs.

Sepsis is normally treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Typically, antibiotics are given as soon as possible. Often, continuous care is performed in an intensive care unit. If fluid replacement is not enough to maintain blood pressure, medications that raise blood pressure may be used. To support the function of the lungs and kidneys, mechanical ventilation and dialysis may be required.
Diagnosis:

For proper management of sepsis, early diagnosis is necessary, because the initiation of rapid therapy is key to reducing deaths from severe sepsis. To bring attention to potential cases as early as possible, some hospitals use alerts generated from electronic health records.

Immediate Evaluation and management:
Correcting hypoxemia and Securing the airway and establishing venous access for the early administration of fluids and antibiotics are priorities in the management of patients with sepsis and septic shock.

Establish venous access: Supplemental oxygen should be supplied to all patients with sepsis and oxygenation should be monitored continuously with pulse oximetry. To support the increased work of breathing that typically accompanies sepsis, intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required.

Initial investigations: An initial brief history and examination, as well as laboratory, microbiologic, and imaging studies are often obtained simultaneously while access is being established and the airway stabilized. This brief assessment yields clues to the suspected source and complications of sepsis, and therefore, helps guide empiric therapy and additional testing.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Acute Abdomen Symptoms and Management:

Image
Acute Abdomen Symptoms and Management: The acute abdomen shows a rapid onset of severe life- threatening symptoms includes the sudden, spontaneous, nontraumatic disorder whose chief manifestation is in the abdominal area.  For acute abdomen urgent operation may be necessary. Acute abdomen has a large number of possible causes and so a structured approach is required. If the patient has an acute surgical problem the initial assessment for acute abdomen should attempt that requires immediate and prompt surgical intervention, or urgent medical therapy. Abdominal pain is a common problem. Symptoms and Causes: Vomiting, Haematemesis or melaena, Stool/urine colour, Fainting, dizziness or palpitations, Fever/rigors, Rash or itching, Urinary symptoms, recent weight loss. Some common causes of acute abdomen usually involve a slower rate of bleeding, but with urgent surgery still required, include bleeding gastric ulcer, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and trauma.  Every pa
Read more

Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry

Image
Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry: The most common congenital disorder in newborns is congenital heart disease (CHD). In the first year of life requiring surgery or catheter- based intervention is known as Critical CHD. Normally in case of infants with critical cardiac lesions, the risk of morbidity and mortality increases when there is a delay in diagnosis and timely referral to a tertiary center with expertise in treating these patients. Pulse oximetry:   it is a non-invasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation. The application mode of pulse oximetry includes, a sensor device is placed on a thin part of the patient's body, usually a fingertip or earlobe, or in the case of an infant, across a foot. In this process the device passes two wavelengths of light through the body part to a photodetector.  The changing absorbance at each of the wavelength are measured by this, which allowing it to determine the
Read more

Bronchitis (Acute) Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Cures:

Image
Bronchitis (Acute) Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Cures: An inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes is known as Bronchitis. There are two types of bronchitis    1) acute bronchitis, and 2) chronic bronchitis. Acute bronchitis is defined as a cough lasting five or more days also known as a chest cold, the cough may linger for weeks. In some cases people with recurrent acute bronchitis develop chronic bronchitis and a respiratory infection. Chronic bronchitis is known to be lasts for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row. It is defined as a cough that occurs every day with sputum production.   Medical attention is required for chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is one of the conditions included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Viral or bacterial infection are the most common way for infection, due to this people become infected with or “get” acute bronchitis.   Irritants like tobacco smoke, air pollution, or chemicals are the other causes.
Read more